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Philosophical logic, despite its name, is not a kind of logic, nor is it simply to be identified with the philosophy of logic.

• Alan Turing 1912
• Alfred North Whitehead 1861
•  

A sentence S divides all its possible interpretations into two classes, those that are models of it and those that are not. In this way it defines a class, namely the class of all its models, written Mod(S). To take a legal example, the sentence

The development of proof theory can be naturally divided into: the prehistory of the notion of proof in ancient logic and mathematics; the discovery by Frege that mathematical proofs, and not only the propositions of mathematics, can (and should) be represented in a logical system; Hilbert's old axiomatic proof theory; Failure o

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Topics in Unprovability and Generalized Ramsey Theory

The Logic of Conditionals

• Model Theory

• Unprovability and Generalized Ramsey Theory

• Proof Theory