PC computers, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Flame Photometry, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM),
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF), Electron Microprobe Analysis, Mass Spectrometry, Physical and Chemical characterization of soil, water , and sediment, Field Description of Soil Profiles, Soil Thin section Pre