Effects of zone, drought and copper stresses and their interactions on some biochemical traits and grain yield of Fumaria parviflora Lam.

Copper (Cu2+) is an essential element for the plant's metabolic processes, which is required by the plant for many enzymatic activities and playing a vital role in various physiological processes, growth, and development in small amounts. On the other hand, high concentrations of copper can be toxic to plants and high accumulation of this element in the soil prevents the elements needed for growth from reaching the aerial organs and prevents the normal growth of the plant. Drought stress also disrupts the growth and water relations in the plant and leads to a decrease in the efficiency of water consumption in the plant and causes a variety of physiological responses along with yield reduction. Soil contamination with heavy metals adversely affects plants growth, its development and metabolism in many parts of the world including arid and semi-arid regions. Multiple stresses caused a wide range of changes in plant physiology and metabolisms in plants. Fumaria parviflora Lam (Fumariaaceae) is an annual herbaceous medicinal plant with branched stems that is cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran