SDM (Species Distribution Models)
(Models that predict species' potential distributions by combining known occurrence records with digital layers of environmental variables)
-
Maxent is based on the maximum-entropy approach for species habitat modeling.
- finds the largest spread (maximum entropy) in a geographic dataset of species presences
- maximizes the log likelihood of the data associated with the presence sites minus a penalty term, conceptually similar to information criteria like AIC
-
DesktopGARP is a genetic algorithm that creates an ecological niche model for a species that represents the environmental conditions where that species would be able to maintain populations.
- input a set of point localities where the species is known to occur
- finds non-random correlations between the presence and absence of the species and the values of the environmental parameters
- there are four types of rules that are implemented to build the models: atomic, logistic regression, bioclimatic envelope and negated bioclimatic envelope
-
DIVA-GIS is particularly useful for mapping and analyzing biodiversity data, such as the distribution of species, or other 'point-distributions'.
- supports SDMs for BIOCLIM or DOMAIN models
- treats absence and background data as equivalent concepts. All non-presence points are considered to be absence data
-
openModeller provides a flexible, robust, cross-platform environment to carry out ecological niche modeling experiments.
- The framework includes facilities for sampling points, creating, testing, evaluating and projecting models into different environmental scenarios
- More than 10 algorithms are available as plugins, including GARP, Maxent, ENFA and Support Vector Machines
-
BioMapper is a A GIS-toolkit to model ecological niche and habitat suitability.
- Preparing the ecogeographical maps in order to use them as input for the Ecological Niche Factor Analysis (ENFA) (e.g. computing frequency of occurrence map, standardization, masking, etc.)
- Exploring and comparing maps by mean of descriptive statistics (distribution analysis, etc.)
- Computing the Ecological Niche Factor Analysis and exploring its output
- Computing a Habitat Suitability map